Through the process of photosynthesis, plants play a crucial role in mitigating carbon emissions by absorbing approximately one-third of the carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere. This organic process prevents the accumulation of CO2 emissions in the air. Following photosynthesis, plants convert the carbon element from CO2 into biomass, which is then transported and absorbed into the tree trunk and soil.

But, this sophisticated process doesn’t stop there. Scientists have discovered a fascinating relationship between plants and fungi, specifically ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM), that contributes to the capturing and storing of carbon in the soil. Ectomycorrhizal establishes a symbiotic relationship with plant roots by colonising the outer layers, resulting in a mutually beneficial partnership that enhances the plant's nutrient uptake capacity. This symbiosis not only improves nutrient uptake, but it enhances soil structure, water filtration and retention, and the storage of atmospheric carbon deep beneath the soil.

The exceptional characteristic of ectomycorrhizal fungi presents an array of possibilities to not only capture atmospheric carbon but improve global soil health through this pursuit. Although the opportunities are remarkable, ectomycorrhizal isn't common. They are typically found in the roots of oaks, beeches, birches, willows, and poplar trees - particularly those found in healthy forest ecosystems.

Beyond their ability to capture and store carbon, fungi offer a range of environmental benefits that contribute to the survival of ecosystems, ultimately benefiting our planet. Let’s explore the multifaceted contributions of fungi:

Recycling genius

Fungi excel in breaking down complex organic compounds and returning essential nutrients to the ecosystem. Through their decomposition abilities, they facilitate nutrient cycling, by transforming dead organic matter into forms that can be absorbed by plants and other organisms. This process helps to sustain the fertility of soils, enabling the growth of healthy plants.

Natures cleanup crew

Fungi possess unmatched abilities to degrade and break-down pollutants and contaminants in the environment. Known as bioremediation, this process uses fungi to detoxify soil, water, and air by metabolising harmful substances. Fungi have been used to clean up oil spills, industrial waste, and agricultural runoff, further highlighting their potential to minimise environmental pollution.

Decomposing overachiever

Fungi breaks down complex organic materials, including dead plants, fallen leaves, wood, and even animal remains. Their enzymatic activities facilitate the decomposition process, returning nutrients to the ecosystem and reducing waste accumulation. Fungi's vital role in waste decomposition contributes to the efficient recycling of organic matter, maintaining ecological balance and reducing environmental burdens. The importance of decomposition is just as vital as the mycelium network of fungi itself.

CEO of partnerships

Fungi form mutualistic relationships not only with plants but also with other organisms. Lichens, for instance, are symbiotic associations between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. These unique partnerships allow fungi to thrive in harsh environments and contribute to soil formation and stabilisation, particularly in dry and rocky habitats. Fungal interactions with insects, such as ants and termites, also exemplify the partnerships fungi’s form within the ecosystem.

Human supporter

Beyond their environmental contributions, fungi have a profound impact on human health and industry. Many pharmaceutical drugs, including antibiotics, are derived from fungal sources. Fungi also play a crucial role in food production, fermentation processes, and the production of enzymes, thus, showcasing their significance in various sectors.

Whilst fungi like ectomycorrhizal do offer significant benefits, there are challenges that need to be addressed to support overall mycelium health and their effective utilisation. Although fungi have the potential to reduce the impact of climate change, they are also in danger as shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns can cause disruption to their ecosystems. Habitat loss, including deforestation, urbanisation and poor management of agricultural land reduces the availability of suitable environments for fungi to thrive. To overcome these challenges, conservation efforts and responsible fungal management practices are essential. This could include the promotion of sustainable land management, protecting natural habitats, and adopting eco-friendly practices to ensure the long-term health and diversity of fungal communities.

Turning to nature's remarkable solutions to address pressing challenges such as climate change and soil degradation, startups like Funga are harnessing the knowledge of fungi to capture carbon. As Dr. Colin Averill, the founder of Funga, explains, “Natural climate solutions, like reforestation and forestry, are probably the biggest lever for carbon removal that’s ready to scale today. What we do is identify ways where we can make the entire system more efficient and faster, while also creating a positive biodiversity outcome.”

It goes to show that by recognising the diverse roles fungi play in our environment we will be better positioned to harness their potential for sustainable practices, environmental restoration, and the preservation of our planet's delicate balance. Embracing fungi as invaluable allies empowers us to cultivate a harmonious relationship with nature and foster a healthier, more sustainable future.